Glossary- Institutes and Audiences

Synergy- when the interaction of two or more forces working together creates a greater effect than the sum of their individual efforts- it works when different elements within a media conglomerate promote (e.g. film studio, record label, video game division) create linked products (e.g. film, soundtrack, video game). For example Lion King Film Series. Became a broadway play, the soundtrack for the play and the first film was available but they both also has shirts, cups and other souvenirs.

Cross media convergence

vertical & Horizontal integrated institute- Horizontal integration: Walt disney owns many studio entertainment, consumer product companies and media networks
Vertical integration- walt disney plans, produces, advertises, and distributes all of its products on its own.

Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain.  With four different production companies the Disney corporation is able to expand its market. - Marvel- Pixar- Touchstone- walt disney.

Vertical integration is an arrangement in which the supply company is owned by that company.

Marketing: The process of raising awareness; targeting an audience; creating publicity through various methods.

Distribution: The way the film gets to screens; distribution company

Exhibition: The way we view; getting the film to a paying audience

Production: The making of the film; pre-production and funding; shoot (format); post-production (SFX)

Media Ownership is dominated by the Big 6 Media coronations. These exist as conglomerates

Conglomerates:  A conglomerate is a large company composed of a number of smaller companies (subsidiaries) engages in seemingly unrelated businesses. A media conglomerate is a company that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media such as TV, radio, publishing, movies and the internet

Cross media Ownership is the ownership of multiple media businesses by a person or corporation. These businesses can include broadcast and cable TV, film, radio, newspaper, magazine, book publishing, music, video games, and various online entities.

The big 6- FOX, SONY, Warner Bros, Universal, Disney, Paramount- they control a staggering 90% of what we read, watch or listen to.

Independent film (indies) - is a film production resulting in a feature film that is produced mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies.

A media franchise is a colleen of media in which several derivative works have been produced from a original work of media- Star wars- indiana jones- shrek.

Media convergence- The combining of two or more mediums. Different mediums are TV/ film/ computer graphics/ radio/ website etc. Media convergence in the film industry can happen in production, distribution or exhibition. It happens when the music industry comes together with the film industry when Adele released the new single for Skyfall.

Glossary

Stereotype: A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Archetype: A very typical example of a certain person or thing.

Sound Glossary

Diegetic sound: Sound source that is visible on screen or appear to be present in that scene. Voices from characters.

Non-diegetic sound: A source of sound that is neither visible on screen or been implied to be present in the action. Narration, sound effects for dramatic tension and music off screen.

Glossary

Match On Action- it occurs when an action that begins in one shot is continued or completed in the next.

Short Reverse Shot- Going between characters whilst they are talking.

180 degree rule...

The 180 degree rule is… the actors need to be on the same side not matter what positioning the camera is. To orient the viewer. The audience only see what you show them.

Analysis Glossary

Mise en scene:  The arrangement of scenery and stage properties in a play.

Verisimilitude: the appearance of being true or real.

Connotation: An idea or feeling that a word makes someone feel

Denotation: The literal meaning for a word

Verbal communication: The use of words or sounds to express your feelings

Non-verbal communication: Gestures, body language and facial expression used to make a point.

Narrative: A written account of events, a story-line.